Privacy and security problems related to networks of trust by example of Facebook connect.
Supervisor: Kaido Kikkas
The purpose of the taken subject is to research privacy and security problems in websites which are using Facebook connect. The practical values of the work are case studies how to integrate Facebook connect with media service website.
The research method I choose for the work is design research. I find it the best because I can develop a practical value of a work. In the analysis part I will give an overview of the social networks in the Internet. Then I give an overview of Facebook interoperability and data portability and Facebook platform showing the real life examples and comparing their functionalities. Then I will analyze Facebook connect and its different functionalities, I will also provide some examples of existing websites using Facebook connect and give an overview of identity 2.0 and Facebook connect alternatives. The most important part of the analysis will concentrate on the security and privacy problems with Facebook connect and Facebook API, wherefrom I propose a new integration design concept.
After analysing the current situation and finding the problems and concerns I start with planning the design concept. This involves creating the project work plan and choosing right methods for the work. I will also blog entire work process to track the changes.
The second part is the process of design and development and describing the result in the process. I will draw sketches of the process and describe the outcome documentation. I will also design alternative ways of design integration.
In the evaluation part I put my concept up to the Internet for testing. I choose a test group of IT specialist and software developers who will review the concept and give suggestions of making it better. Finally I define a design a concept for integrating website with Facebook connect.
Priidu Tammeorg
IMKE 2008
Monday, December 28, 2009
A Review of a Master Thesis „FUNCTIONS OF ONLINE COMMUNITIES“ by Ivo Kiviorg
The author is using empirical research for his paper. He starts with defining the problem and choosing the objective of the work and asking the questions in the end of introductory part. It is interesting that with the questions author is dividing work in two: finding the concept functions and fitting these for existing community.
The paper is clearly quantitative research. Author clearly describes the purpose in the abstract part and it’s understood that author is trying to create a concept of functions of groups in online community. Author goes through the different theories of communities and group functions and explains the broader meaning.
The literature review and analysis in the first part of the work has big influence on the research questions and concepts. The author proposed 13 concepts of functions and tested these with the survey. The strategy of the research was quantitative as using a survey questions formed from initial concepts to existing online community rada7.ee. The survey design is small sample 387 registered users out of 5000 users of the community. He uses questionnaire containing 43 questions all the questions in 5-point scale. In the conclusions part author analyses the outcome of the survey and measures the results with the factor analysis, principal component analysis method and Varimax rotation. In the end the author is proposing the concept for trying out with other online communities.
The used methodology was not the best choice for the research and would have been design research for creating the concept and testing it with different online communities. Using only one community for the concept is not enough and takes away possibility to compare and measure the outcome more precisely.
Priidu Tammeorg
IMKE 2008
The paper is clearly quantitative research. Author clearly describes the purpose in the abstract part and it’s understood that author is trying to create a concept of functions of groups in online community. Author goes through the different theories of communities and group functions and explains the broader meaning.
The literature review and analysis in the first part of the work has big influence on the research questions and concepts. The author proposed 13 concepts of functions and tested these with the survey. The strategy of the research was quantitative as using a survey questions formed from initial concepts to existing online community rada7.ee. The survey design is small sample 387 registered users out of 5000 users of the community. He uses questionnaire containing 43 questions all the questions in 5-point scale. In the conclusions part author analyses the outcome of the survey and measures the results with the factor analysis, principal component analysis method and Varimax rotation. In the end the author is proposing the concept for trying out with other online communities.
The used methodology was not the best choice for the research and would have been design research for creating the concept and testing it with different online communities. Using only one community for the concept is not enough and takes away possibility to compare and measure the outcome more precisely.
Priidu Tammeorg
IMKE 2008
Sunday, December 20, 2009
Review of "Comments and ethics"
I chose to review wiki "Comments and ethics" since it also has only two participants as our team.
Wiki was composed in Google code, which is basically ok to choose but maybe not the best choise for wikipage. Users were posting their info with separate links and divided their tasks.
Andris Reiman described the short history of anonymous comments in Estonia. He pointed out that comments can be very often vulgar and said with the bad voice and are affecting people's morality and feelings. He has well described how there was a precedent with the website Delfi.ee was sued and won becouse of anonymous vulgar comment and beeing responsible for this comment. On the second section of his wiki he describes the fighting mesures agains lame comments by different portals. Andris has put lot of facts in hes wiki and in continious order it is very easy to read and understand the current situation in anonymous comments area. References were provided with footnotes and were cited correctly. I am satisfied with the work of Andris.
Raul reiska wrote about Internet phenomenon and was using lot of wikipedia information. The flow of the Wiki wasn't very easy to read and somehow I lost myself several times and had to think about the subject again. Some points of he's wiki were trivial and not logically used. In the end I mostly understood the subject of the Wiki, and think that it should have been more informative. There were only two rows of information about ethics in the end explaining the unethical postings in one Estonian blog. Also I am not very satisfied with the references which are only taken from Wikipedia online except 1 youtube link and blogaddress for refering one Estonian blog. I am not very satisfied with the work of Raul.
I think that Andris and Raul should have picked better software for their Wiki and would have participated more in their teamwork. Its clear that they did not collaborate much as their referencing style and logical structure are different.
Wiki was composed in Google code, which is basically ok to choose but maybe not the best choise for wikipage. Users were posting their info with separate links and divided their tasks.
Andris Reiman described the short history of anonymous comments in Estonia. He pointed out that comments can be very often vulgar and said with the bad voice and are affecting people's morality and feelings. He has well described how there was a precedent with the website Delfi.ee was sued and won becouse of anonymous vulgar comment and beeing responsible for this comment. On the second section of his wiki he describes the fighting mesures agains lame comments by different portals. Andris has put lot of facts in hes wiki and in continious order it is very easy to read and understand the current situation in anonymous comments area. References were provided with footnotes and were cited correctly. I am satisfied with the work of Andris.
Raul reiska wrote about Internet phenomenon and was using lot of wikipedia information. The flow of the Wiki wasn't very easy to read and somehow I lost myself several times and had to think about the subject again. Some points of he's wiki were trivial and not logically used. In the end I mostly understood the subject of the Wiki, and think that it should have been more informative. There were only two rows of information about ethics in the end explaining the unethical postings in one Estonian blog. Also I am not very satisfied with the references which are only taken from Wikipedia online except 1 youtube link and blogaddress for refering one Estonian blog. I am not very satisfied with the work of Raul.
I think that Andris and Raul should have picked better software for their Wiki and would have participated more in their teamwork. Its clear that they did not collaborate much as their referencing style and logical structure are different.
In Search of Middle Ground: Hybrid Approaches
- Try to position yourself on the "Free vs Proprietary" scale. What would you expect from a hybrid licensing scheme?
- What is your impression about the MS Shared Source?
Hybrid licensing is good for businesses, as they can support from commercial incomes their free projects develops. I think that is one way to keep alive some projects that have really good perspective for the future.
As not a big fan of MS I am rather pessimistic with their approach. This seems like they are trying to get some community of developer under their wing with this method.
Creative Commons and Free Content Models
- How are CC licenses implemented in your country?
- Do you consider the FDL 1.3 a good solution for the incompatibility problem?
There is a "Autorõiguse seadus" in estonia, which claims that in educational use and for the educational audience materials of the author can be used by showing the autor name and other author works.
Some examples of CC licensing in Estonian webs
- Tehnokratt.net – CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0
- kultuur.info – CC-BY-NC-SA 1.0 –
- Regio Kontuurkaardid – CC-BY-NC-SA 2.0
FDL 1.3 is a good solution for compability, first it is released under licensing terms of CC-BY-SA 3.0 and has also some borrowings from GPL v3. FDL 1.3 has provided means for the violators to autmatically restore they rights.
The Uneasy Alliance: Free Software vs Open Source
Analyse both free software and open source approach in your blog. If you prefer one, provide your arguments.
I think i am mostly on free software guys side. In the way open source is giving people possibility to have source to develop the software and make it better, but still its not sayd it's totally free.
For example Oracle is willing to buy Sun, and MySql as open source software will be bought by Oracle too. And nothing can keep Oracle away to chance the licensing of the MySQL. If MySql would have been free, then there would'nt be such a problem. You can also help to save MySql -> http://monty-says.blogspot.com/2009/12/help-saving-mysql.html
I think i am mostly on free software guys side. In the way open source is giving people possibility to have source to develop the software and make it better, but still its not sayd it's totally free.
For example Oracle is willing to buy Sun, and MySql as open source software will be bought by Oracle too. And nothing can keep Oracle away to chance the licensing of the MySQL. If MySql would have been free, then there would'nt be such a problem. You can also help to save MySql -> http://monty-says.blogspot.com/2009/12/help-saving-mysql.html
The Digital Enforcement
Write a short analysis about applicability of copying restrictions - whether you consider them useful, in which cases exceptions should be made etc.
I the sense of intellectual property copy restriction as a mesure indeed. I think still that software companies can earn more money if they leave their software open for copying. For example software which is open is much easily learnable for people who don't even know hoow it works and what is good about it. So they have a chance to try it and later to consider to have a licensed copy of it. I have to admit, that I always try software before I buy it, so is this a crime? Am I a thief now? The company will anyway get their bucks. For a decade software companies are launcing shareware versions of their software which is keeping me away doing illegal copies, but still 14 days for trying is not maybe enough to understand the best needs for you.
I think copying exeptions should be allowed to universities and other learning institutions, to give a "taste of knowing" to young people and educate them to use and get profit from the software. As with the buss ticket, students and school pupils have possibility to drive free in software world it should be the same. Ofcourse there is a problem with identifying the person as beeing a student or pupil, but this can be regulated with the software use only in computer classes inside the educational institution.
I the sense of intellectual property copy restriction as a mesure indeed. I think still that software companies can earn more money if they leave their software open for copying. For example software which is open is much easily learnable for people who don't even know hoow it works and what is good about it. So they have a chance to try it and later to consider to have a licensed copy of it. I have to admit, that I always try software before I buy it, so is this a crime? Am I a thief now? The company will anyway get their bucks. For a decade software companies are launcing shareware versions of their software which is keeping me away doing illegal copies, but still 14 days for trying is not maybe enough to understand the best needs for you.
I think copying exeptions should be allowed to universities and other learning institutions, to give a "taste of knowing" to young people and educate them to use and get profit from the software. As with the buss ticket, students and school pupils have possibility to drive free in software world it should be the same. Ofcourse there is a problem with identifying the person as beeing a student or pupil, but this can be regulated with the software use only in computer classes inside the educational institution.
One Microsoft Way: the World of Proprietary Software
What could the software licensing landscape look like in 2015? Write a short (blogged) predictive analysis.
I think that software licensing landscape will turn a lot more on open way, as many comapanies such as google are launcing many different online programs. Microsoft already announced that they also are releasing google docs like office online version, but it differs from google on the matter that you need to have purchased office hardcopy. I think that as webtechnologies develop more and more many online versions of different type of software will be launced. I think as google has most powerful position in this case other competitors will also be forced to leave the licencing open.
I think that software licensing landscape will turn a lot more on open way, as many comapanies such as google are launcing many different online programs. Microsoft already announced that they also are releasing google docs like office online version, but it differs from google on the matter that you need to have purchased office hardcopy. I think that as webtechnologies develop more and more many online versions of different type of software will be launced. I think as google has most powerful position in this case other competitors will also be forced to leave the licencing open.
The Proprietary World: The WIPO Intellectual Property model
Study the Anglo-American and Continental European school of IP. Write a short comparative analysis to your blog (if you have clear preference for one over another, explain that, too).
Anglo- American (AA) and Continental European school (CES) of IP systems differ mostly in two ways as CES protects authors work without formalities and gives protection to it's different stages, but with AA the work has to be first copyright protected to avoid it's copying, because AA gives a right to make copies for the large audience in front its copyright status.
I prefer the European school, because it has wider aproach to protect a small intellectual producer work.
Anglo- American (AA) and Continental European school (CES) of IP systems differ mostly in two ways as CES protects authors work without formalities and gives protection to it's different stages, but with AA the work has to be first copyright protected to avoid it's copying, because AA gives a right to make copies for the large audience in front its copyright status.
I prefer the European school, because it has wider aproach to protect a small intellectual producer work.
The Author vs the Information Society
Read Chapter 3 "Against Intellectual Property" of the Brian Martin's book.
Write a blog review (especially, comment on his strategies for change
When I was reading the material I was widely surprised about the patent systems, that allow patents are given to organic forms found in Third World and they have to actually pay for the use.
I was amazed about the examples of patenting information such as patenting epigrams, basketball moves, choreography steps, www links which have made me thought that intellectual property has gone far from it's original aim to promote creation and ideas. Brian Martin describes interestingly describes the ineguality of the intellectual property that is helping more richer and powerful people.
Author is offering an alternative to intellectual property as straightforward means that ideas are available for anyone who wants to. Good example is language that everybody are using and scientific ideas.
There is quite nothing to do agains plagiarism in Internet times, as everyone can get access to different materials and present it as their own. Plagiarism is only protected by copyright and it's quite hard to prove.
Author interestingly offers a solution to reorganize economic system for writers who are living on royalities. He thinks that they should also recieve govermental salary as scientist do. That would reduce income of famous artist, but also would increase economic resources relased and more money for creators. I think author is right, but this system is rather too strong too change in mean time. This change has to become slowly starting from example writers and music. All this means equality in incomes and also equality in outcomes and gets away the possibility to gain power by exploiting others.
Strategies for change
People must understand that the greater value for example gene information is for the greater good and this change of thinking must come. The cost of holding intellectual property is very high and there needs to be understandment how much it all costs to reduce these costs and create more equal system. I like the idea that to fight for reducing the patentrally there should be a kind of organization who is rallying all different patents to make the system collapse for greater good. I really like the idea to have a shareright possibility to software, that if you want to use a piece of software you have to share this first. The idea that intellectual work is not just one persons effort, but also society is playing a great role for the outcome. There is not available totally original idea, that is not influenced by some earlier information. Sharing information for greater human good is one good way to have more power into creation and productivity.
Write a blog review (especially, comment on his strategies for change
When I was reading the material I was widely surprised about the patent systems, that allow patents are given to organic forms found in Third World and they have to actually pay for the use.
I was amazed about the examples of patenting information such as patenting epigrams, basketball moves, choreography steps, www links which have made me thought that intellectual property has gone far from it's original aim to promote creation and ideas. Brian Martin describes interestingly describes the ineguality of the intellectual property that is helping more richer and powerful people.
Author is offering an alternative to intellectual property as straightforward means that ideas are available for anyone who wants to. Good example is language that everybody are using and scientific ideas.
There is quite nothing to do agains plagiarism in Internet times, as everyone can get access to different materials and present it as their own. Plagiarism is only protected by copyright and it's quite hard to prove.
Author interestingly offers a solution to reorganize economic system for writers who are living on royalities. He thinks that they should also recieve govermental salary as scientist do. That would reduce income of famous artist, but also would increase economic resources relased and more money for creators. I think author is right, but this system is rather too strong too change in mean time. This change has to become slowly starting from example writers and music. All this means equality in incomes and also equality in outcomes and gets away the possibility to gain power by exploiting others.
Strategies for change
People must understand that the greater value for example gene information is for the greater good and this change of thinking must come. The cost of holding intellectual property is very high and there needs to be understandment how much it all costs to reduce these costs and create more equal system. I like the idea that to fight for reducing the patentrally there should be a kind of organization who is rallying all different patents to make the system collapse for greater good. I really like the idea to have a shareright possibility to software, that if you want to use a piece of software you have to share this first. The idea that intellectual work is not just one persons effort, but also society is playing a great role for the outcome. There is not available totally original idea, that is not influenced by some earlier information. Sharing information for greater human good is one good way to have more power into creation and productivity.
Thursday, December 10, 2009
Test review of the blocking software
Pick a blocking software package from the list above. Install it to a PC and test it by browsing the web. Try some of the supposed 'forbidden' sites as well as some controversial issues (feminism, disabilities, minorities, various political movements and organisations). Blog your experiences.
I chose to test Netnanny, since I've heard of it before, and I have a little child to grow, so I need experience how to keep my child away from "bad" websites. There is shareware version of the Netnanny 6 available to download on https://www.netnanny.com/. Price for the full download is 39 $ which is quite affordable. For the first I was a bit confused by the size of the package 30 mb. It seems like Netnanny is written in C++, because installer started to reconfigure my Windows settings for it. After installing it, I was offered to add a user, for the user profile I picked young child and was offered settings as:
Filter settings: Allowed to visit trusted websites only
Time controls: Blocked between 21.00 - 06.00
Monitoring: Enabled all activity
Games: Allowed to play Early Childhood (EC) and Everyone (E)
Then I was typically for the Windows asked to restart my computer -- press save blogpost now;)
After restarting I loged in with my child username and tried to browse internet and got this message:
So, I had to create another user with lower restrictions. When picked add new user I was offered a lot more advanced user adding interface, where I had possibility to connect the username with windows login. I chose another username and picked profile for adult, which was blocked for pornographic websites. Ok time to test to browse the porn...:)
First I just tried to type porn.com for getting access and got this message:
There were possibilities to override the and request for exeption from admin. I chose override and the website opened with all the XXX material in it:)
Then I had a thought to try some WAREZ sites to test with the default settings. I typed warez into google search and got respnse that GOOGLE safe surf is on, and the results are removed.
Also I couldnt remove the google safe search settings and got angry trying this.
I think this type of software is really useful for the parents to keep their kids away from bad websites, but for internet experts etc. this program only makes life annoying;)
I chose to test Netnanny, since I've heard of it before, and I have a little child to grow, so I need experience how to keep my child away from "bad" websites. There is shareware version of the Netnanny 6 available to download on https://www.netnanny.com/. Price for the full download is 39 $ which is quite affordable. For the first I was a bit confused by the size of the package 30 mb. It seems like Netnanny is written in C++, because installer started to reconfigure my Windows settings for it. After installing it, I was offered to add a user, for the user profile I picked young child and was offered settings as:
Filter settings: Allowed to visit trusted websites only
Time controls: Blocked between 21.00 - 06.00
Monitoring: Enabled all activity
Games: Allowed to play Early Childhood (EC) and Everyone (E)
Then I was typically for the Windows asked to restart my computer -- press save blogpost now;)
After restarting I loged in with my child username and tried to browse internet and got this message:
So, I had to create another user with lower restrictions. When picked add new user I was offered a lot more advanced user adding interface, where I had possibility to connect the username with windows login. I chose another username and picked profile for adult, which was blocked for pornographic websites. Ok time to test to browse the porn...:)
First I just tried to type porn.com for getting access and got this message:
There were possibilities to override the and request for exeption from admin. I chose override and the website opened with all the XXX material in it:)
Then I had a thought to try some WAREZ sites to test with the default settings. I typed warez into google search and got respnse that GOOGLE safe surf is on, and the results are removed.
Also I couldnt remove the google safe search settings and got angry trying this.
I think this type of software is really useful for the parents to keep their kids away from bad websites, but for internet experts etc. this program only makes life annoying;)
Monday, November 30, 2009
Science business
It's definitely sure that this business is creating digital divide. Articles and journals which are expensive are not accessible for poor countries and digital divide enlarges. I really like Soros activity in Open Access Initative and also I sort of understand the opposites. Ofcourse if professors spend lot of time by writing those articles they need to get payed etc. This cannot be totally free, but can be supported. I would see it as opening doors for universities and other learning institutes for gaining read access with lower bugets.
Short review of the GNU General Public License.
The idea of GNU GPL is very good and offer lot of freedom to all software developers. Many commercial giants like Microsoft etc. are against this and are fighting with all their legal power to stop the spread of GNU GPL. Its very clearly understandable that Microsoft is trying to prevent the understanding that software can be free to use and share. The main issue is with the drivers for devices which Microsoft doesn't tolerate. On the otherhand you can always modify driverfiles in GNU GPL systems like BSD.
Monday, November 9, 2009
Blog about a good case of social engineering
Social engineering in real life is actually very easy to do if someone knows the background and plays on the human naive thinking about the current emergency or situation. I would put it as everything is possible and people don't tend to be not too paranoid on these kinds of cases. For example it's quite easy to scam bus control officers with just playing fool foreign person and start talking with them some language they definitely don't know.
How to avoid social engineering attempts? In real life there has to be knowhow for the people who are working in these kind of areas, where it could happen that someone can do tricks with them.
How to avoid social engineering attempts? In real life there has to be knowhow for the people who are working in these kind of areas, where it could happen that someone can do tricks with them.
Find and blog about an illustrative case of hacktivism.
In Estonia there is a company Rove Digital which could be established in reasons hacktivism. Arvutimaailms journalist Holger Roonemaa has even doubts that Rove Digital boss Vladimir Tšaštšin is possibly a spy or an agent of Russian government and threat to Estonian internal security. Rove Digital is suspected to lead a huge group of zombi computers and to attack different websites as Trendmicro and Fsecure have annonced.
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
Choose a minority group and describe how they can make use of Internet to reduce alienation and prejudice.
I remember very good article from postimees online where lesbian mother didn't recieve support bonus from local government. All different online media sources were writing about it and finally she got a positive feedback from local government.
Monday, November 2, 2009
Write a short blogged analysis about the hacker ethic found in today's world (is it there of not, how much of it etc).
The most powerful hackers ethic fond in todays world is definitely sharing habbit. People are very much sharing things in the web. Sharing has turned into fashion what everybody want to do (youtube, social web etc.). Also in the net new visionary projects are always free to use, even for commercial use (wordpress, mambo etc.). This is very widely used and promoted.
Browse the Jargon File. Write a small blog entry about a term/definition which was the most intriguing for you.
Things Hackers Detest and Avoid
This is very easy to understand and remained still very common sense. This is very clear that hackers doesn't love microsoft and other commercial software providers. Everything, what is more or less commercialy licensed must be avoided. As well as mainstreem things - easy listening music, films and mainstream culture. What was really funny that hackers tend to avoid cobol and basic..:)
This is very easy to understand and remained still very common sense. This is very clear that hackers doesn't love microsoft and other commercial software providers. Everything, what is more or less commercialy licensed must be avoided. As well as mainstreem things - easy listening music, films and mainstream culture. What was really funny that hackers tend to avoid cobol and basic..:)
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Writing for the Web
Check out this SlideShare Presentation:
Writing for the Web
View more documents from Hans Põldoja.
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
How important do you deem the social cohesiveness in reaching ubicomp?
People's social development is highly related with things are developing around us. More openness will create more creativity. Everything is realted with these values what Himanen describes in his values list.
Monday, October 26, 2009
Compare the current situation in Estonia to the four scenarios of "Estonia 2010". Which one is the closest to the reality?
I would prefer definitely the "Grand Slam" scenario. I think with the "MASU" period Estonia is moving towards "Silicon Valley" scenario. Rich become richer and poor become more poorer. Hope that with new raise of economy people will think more about the values of life.
Investigate and describe an illustrative case of digital divide in your country
I wouldn't say there is much of digital divide in Estonia. People are more and more using online public e-services such as e-voting and e-government. Even elder people are using and have access to the Internet. Because Estonia is widely coverd with libarys where is Internet connection I don't think that there is a big problem with gaining access to different online services. Estonia is almoust 99% covered with internet by different provides like Eesti Energia who offers KÕU which is basicly everywhere.
Analyse and describe Internet availability in your country - A brief overview of Estonian e-commerce industry 2008
According to Gemius 2008/08 research in Estonian internet market the economical crisis has not influenced the usage of internet. The small influence of the crisis is also showed by the users of e-commerce which is more than half of internet users. In 2008 there were about 363 000 Estonian inhabitants who bought over internet, which is 9% more than 2007.(Gemius 2008) http://audience.gemius.ee/.
The second interesting trend observed in Estonian Internet is that Estonians began to earn more money. It has been noticed that in April 2008 the percentage points of the groups of Internet users who earned below 4000kr decreased. A meaningful growth in the rates of groups of Internet users whose income constitutes above 15 000kr was marked. The share of Estonian Internet users who earned above 15 000kr in April 2006 was 2.67% but in the same month in 2008 it was already 5.41%, which is up to 2.78 percentage points more
The second interesting trend observed in Estonian Internet is that Estonians began to earn more money. It has been noticed that in April 2008 the percentage points of the groups of Internet users who earned below 4000kr decreased. A meaningful growth in the rates of groups of Internet users whose income constitutes above 15 000kr was marked. The share of Estonian Internet users who earned above 15 000kr in April 2006 was 2.67% but in the same month in 2008 it was already 5.41%, which is up to 2.78 percentage points more
Tuesday, October 20, 2009
Rid the Fools of Their Money: The Online World of Crime and Fraud
• Write a blog description of an Internet fraud (scam) scheme.
• Review the scambaiting websites mentioned above. Analyse them from an ethical point of view.
1) Russian schoolboys sent a fraud email asking Hansapank clients to renew their codecard passwords. Email was designed as Hansapanks official email and sent from fraud email address. Clients were asked to enter their codecard passwords via website. Some people were scammed and boys used the passwords to transfer the money to their accounts. Although boys were so stupid that they transfered the money to their own accounts and were cought very quickly.
2) I like the idea, but there is a problem to fall on the grey part of Internet by themselves. Partisans shouldn't fall on the level of nigerian spammers and earn from them. As long they can keep it in this way there is no ethical issue.
• Review the scambaiting websites mentioned above. Analyse them from an ethical point of view.
1) Russian schoolboys sent a fraud email asking Hansapank clients to renew their codecard passwords. Email was designed as Hansapanks official email and sent from fraud email address. Clients were asked to enter their codecard passwords via website. Some people were scammed and boys used the passwords to transfer the money to their accounts. Although boys were so stupid that they transfered the money to their own accounts and were cought very quickly.
2) I like the idea, but there is a problem to fall on the grey part of Internet by themselves. Partisans shouldn't fall on the level of nigerian spammers and earn from them. As long they can keep it in this way there is no ethical issue.
The Big Brother on Menwith Hill
Information from the Echelon network and other parts of the global surveillance system is used by the US and its allies for diplomatic, military and commercial purposes. It is routinely denied that these interceptions are mostly targeted for commercial and economic intelligence. After 1993 USA President Clinton established new trade and economic committees and asked from NSA to support US businesses in seeking contacts abroad. NSA constructed massive new storage and processing systems to intercept internet and new international communication networks. The new systems are capable to hold more than million terabytes of data. NSA is snooping everything – fax, email and telephone calls. The information era demands sigint agencies to develop new direct interference of computers. These methods include stealing viruses, software audio, and data bugs.
Despite the good protection of 21st century technology, our emails and phone calls are still open for the eyes on snoopers. This is mainly because NSA and its allies worked to limit and prevent the privacy of telecommunications. Their main aim was to leave communications unencrypted to have easy access and processing by their early developed systems like Echelon. Until the protections are ineffective Echelon systems will remain snooping us.
Despite the good protection of 21st century technology, our emails and phone calls are still open for the eyes on snoopers. This is mainly because NSA and its allies worked to limit and prevent the privacy of telecommunications. Their main aim was to leave communications unencrypted to have easy access and processing by their early developed systems like Echelon. Until the protections are ineffective Echelon systems will remain snooping us.
Monday, October 19, 2009
Review of Himanen's paper
What is important to the information society is not new technology but a new way of doing things.
Several studies have shown that, during the past few years, growth has increasingly been generated by technological innovations combined with networked forms of organization.
Networks are becoming increasingly common, and the role of innovations is growing, also in labour market.
Routine productions jobs are declining, while the importance of symbolic analytical work and personal service work is increasing.
Most critical aspect in the development of the information society is the development of the deepest structures of society.
Global trends:
1) Increasing international tax competition – Countries compete for investments and skilled labour by reducing tax rates.
2) Routine production goes to China, India, Indonesia, and Russia. The most developed countries cannot relay on routine jobs, so they have to specialize in creative work that is based on higher expertise and work to improve productivity both through increased added value and the development of production processes.
3) Population ageing – The most important trend in Europe and in some other regions.
4) Population ageing leads to problems in financing the welfare state, both because of an increase in direct expenses and a rising dependency ratio. Only innovations can help to maintain welfare state and productivity. The future of the welfare state is a creative welfare state.
5) The second phase of the information society: from technological to social development. – 1 stage focused on development of technology. In second phase development continues, however the focus will shift to larger social matters and the main focus will be on changing the ways in which we operate.
6) The rise of cultural industries – Information economy is expanding in the field of culture, including music, tv, film, games, design etc. This process is affected by technological convergence i.e. the digitalisation of content and the coupling of information technology, communication technology and media.
7) The rise of bio-industries – Genetic engineering will become another key technology besides IT. Also medicine and biotechnology.
8) Regional concentration – World urbanisation rate has exceeded 50%. Large concentration of expertise is situated regionally.
9) A deepening global divide – Gap between the poorest and richest is growing very high. This is because world trade distortions and knowledge divide between developing and developed countries. The situation can be solved by changing the structures of world trade and by bridging the information divide.
10) The spread of a „culture of emergency“ – The development tempo is very high and accelerating. This increases volatility of economies and creates a „culture of emergency“ in workplaces - deepening social gaps and tensions. The challenge of achieving sustainable development is both human and environmental.
Development scenarios:
In the geographical perspective the changes mentioned above are carried out in three leading regions: USA, Asia and Europe.
On the global scale USA is leading and have alone account for one-third of the world’s economy and half of the R&D work. Asia is growing very fast in IT field where almost half of the world’s semiconductors are produced. Europe is currently in disadvantage position and the raise of producing specialists by Asia and Usa is completely new challenge to Europe.
There are currently three dynamic models in terms of technology and economy:
1. American neo-liberalist aka Silicon Valley Model
2. The Asian state run model aka Singapore model
3. European combination of the information society and the welfare state aka Finnish model
Outside these areas, most of the Africa is growing poorer. 1/5th of the world’s population subsist on less than a dollar a day and has no access to health care or education.
Each of the above models has characterised problems:
1. High gap between rich and poor and access to education produces lot of criminals.
2. Tax competition and race to the bottom have increased companies to move out Singapore. Controlled society is not creative and innovative.
3. The danger of „The dead hand of passivity“ People protect industrial era structures of the welfare state. The passivity leads to a economical fade.
The possible help scenario is to combine welfare state and the information society. Only through innovation and reforms it can be protected. Europe has to take the lead and show the way in information society.
The values of the reform of the European model.
1. Caring – can be also called fairness or inclusion of all. Caring means that everybody work to create equal opportunities for all – the key idea of the welfare state. In global scale its the protection of the equal opportunities for all.
2. Confidence – partly based on caring. Gives safety and makes fruitful communality possible.
Lack of caring and confidence creates and atmosphere of fear!
3. Communality – openness, belongingness, willingness to include other people and to do things together.
4. Encouragement – refers to an enriching community whose members feel that they can achieve more than they every could alone. Encouragement comes from generosity.
The lack of communality and encouragement creates and atmosphere of envy!
5. Freedom – rights of individuality, freedom of expression, privacy protection, tolerance etc.
6. Creativity – Is related to the human need for self-fulfilment and continuous personal growth.
Restrictions on freedom and creativity create and atmosphere of control.
7. Courage – is a value to realise the other values.
8. Visionariness – requires courage and forward looking. The willingness to make world a better place.
9. Balance – Sustainability of what we do.
10. Meaningfulness – We all want our lives to be meaningful. Can be crystallised with the question „Will this make my life more meaningful?“
The key concepts of social development
1. a Creative economy
Developed countries cannot compete with Asian markets, but must enhance productivity through innovations; creativity will make it possible to increase added value and improve the efficiency of production.
Europe is innovative in terms of products and production processes, but less creative in terms of business models and brand building. Therefore, financing is required in order to promote research and development related to business creativity.
Richard Florida predicts that at the turn of the millennium creative class accounted for 1/3 of the work force in advanced economies.
Taxation must promote job creation, entrepreneurship and creativity and this makes possible to finance the welfare society. Welfare society is based on the tax revenue generated by work, not by the tax rate. A taxation system that encourages work also acts as an incentive for skilled employees to stay in their countries and makes it possible to attract skilled labour from abroad – this will turn alleviate the problems caused to the welfare state by an ageing population.
The manager’s task is to promote creativity and encourage enthusiasm. The industrial era created a time-oriented management culture that was based on control, whereas the creative economy requires a result-oriented management culture that makes space for individual creativity.
Whatever we do, we are at our best when we are passionate about what we do! People who feel that their work has a meaning do not become tired of their work. An encouraging atmosphere enhances well-being at work and job satisfaction.
Being part of a community that shares our interests and appreciates what we do and who we are is equally powerful with the creative passion. History is full of examples where money has never been the primary motivator – all great achievements have been made thanks to belonging and being a recognised person.
2. A creative welfare society
The population ages and the maintenance of the welfare state require reforms. The philosophy of the welfare state is that people have equal opportunities to realise their potential and are protected against the random misfortunes of life. Ethically, the welfare state is based on the fragility of life and the ability to identify with other peoples fates. A fair society is fair regardless of the cards that fate has dealt you. In fair society provides everyone with equal opportunities in life – welfare state is based on caring.
A service buyer and purchaser are useful to separate by offering the services to each other. In some cases, services can be provided best by parties other than the public sector. A more open competition and cooperation between alternative service providers is in the interests of citizens.
Productivity must be enhanced through innovativeness by combining technological and process innovations. In practice the improvement of productivity through innovations requires that the public sector must adopt a similar management and work culture based on creativity.
People consider that changes in the information society are technical. According to research, productivity improves most when technological and organisational innovations are combined. Entire processes and organisational models must be assessed in order to identify ways of providing the services more efficiently in both economic and qualitative terms.
High quality education is very important for a success of information society. In information society learning continues throughout our lives. The challenge of lifelong learning in the information society requires that people must learn to learn. The success of education is highly dependant on the quality. Education quality must be the same throughout the country, so that the opportunities for children to learn are not dependent on region in which they live or the particular school that they attend.
Open information is very important factor. Free access to information should be promoted by all means. The accessibility of information and knowledge helps people to develop their information-processing skills, while it can also be used as the basis for new information and innovation. Innovation is based on higher-education system. So financing higher educational systems must be adequate.
3. Humanly meaningful development
The information society can also be called the risk society, because of the volatility of economy, unstable employment relationships and constant hurry of the people. The new ways of culturally balanced development is needed. For example the current attempts to keep employees at work to an older age are not realistic because few people currently are willing or able to work up to the present official retirement age. The best national health programme is the prevention of illnesses and other health problems – the promotion of health.
Researches have shown that good management and good work culture are important factors that prevent exhaustion. People who are satisfied with their jobs feel well at work, which is positively reflected in their overall lives. There is also need better balance between work and leisure, as the creative culture cannot be sustainable in the long term if work and other aspects of life are not balanced. Adequate free time allows people to regenerate their energy and creativity and have satisfactory in their life. Trends are going opposite direction: people work longer and longer days, and work is becoming stressful and people have less time for their family and friends.
A balanced development requires both a reform of the work culture and concrete ways for balancing work and leisure in a more satisfactory manner. Managers must set adequate goals to their employees so people feel success after completing them. Managers should also be more flexible with working-time arrangements, which would cover a number of alternatives to meet the needs of individual employees. Some examples are:
a) Project work
b) Working time bank – to store working hours in a time- bank.
The importance of these arrangements is that employees can take time of when they need it.
Mental health problems have become one of the most important reasons for easily retirement. Continuous stress expresses itself with different symptoms such as sleep disorder. Health care system must pay attention also to psychical health.
Some people tend to forget their physical activities. Globally 1/5 of people of working age are overweight. The situation is aggravated by peoples increasing habit of spending their free time in the static virtual world (games, tv etc.). Sporting should be more popularised and each individual should exercise at least once in a day.
Culture and well-being should be understood as intrinsic values, not just as economic tools. This means that we must promote also those forms of culture that are commercially unprofitable. In face, commerce should be seen as a tool that must only be used to the extent to which it benefits life.
4. A global culture
The population of many countries in Europe is ageing so rapidly that already in 2010, their populations start to shrink. Immigration is the only way of improving the dependency ratio. Companies will also need foreign employees when the domestic supply of labour decreases. Open-minded and tolerant approach to immigration is needed more and more.
The best way for immigration is to open doors for students. After the graduation foreign students should have right to work.
Global companies need skilled team leaders and researchers who have international experience. The need for experts exceeds the national supplies, so two alternatives remain:
Companies can either relocate their unites overseas or recruit skilled labour from other countries. With reasonable income taxation is possible to prevent the outflow of experts from abroad. Taxation must promote creative work.
Globalisation must be reciprocal. In regard to the new global division of labour has to be remembered that the partial transfer of routine work to poor countries makes it possible for them to rise from poverty. Free trade must also be developed between countries. Developed countries prevent free trade in agricultural and textile products, which account for 2/3s of the exports of the developing countries.
Rich countries must stick to their commitment and must use their development aid also to promote a freer transfer of information (including open source technology).
Several studies have shown that, during the past few years, growth has increasingly been generated by technological innovations combined with networked forms of organization.
Networks are becoming increasingly common, and the role of innovations is growing, also in labour market.
Routine productions jobs are declining, while the importance of symbolic analytical work and personal service work is increasing.
Most critical aspect in the development of the information society is the development of the deepest structures of society.
Global trends:
1) Increasing international tax competition – Countries compete for investments and skilled labour by reducing tax rates.
2) Routine production goes to China, India, Indonesia, and Russia. The most developed countries cannot relay on routine jobs, so they have to specialize in creative work that is based on higher expertise and work to improve productivity both through increased added value and the development of production processes.
3) Population ageing – The most important trend in Europe and in some other regions.
4) Population ageing leads to problems in financing the welfare state, both because of an increase in direct expenses and a rising dependency ratio. Only innovations can help to maintain welfare state and productivity. The future of the welfare state is a creative welfare state.
5) The second phase of the information society: from technological to social development. – 1 stage focused on development of technology. In second phase development continues, however the focus will shift to larger social matters and the main focus will be on changing the ways in which we operate.
6) The rise of cultural industries – Information economy is expanding in the field of culture, including music, tv, film, games, design etc. This process is affected by technological convergence i.e. the digitalisation of content and the coupling of information technology, communication technology and media.
7) The rise of bio-industries – Genetic engineering will become another key technology besides IT. Also medicine and biotechnology.
8) Regional concentration – World urbanisation rate has exceeded 50%. Large concentration of expertise is situated regionally.
9) A deepening global divide – Gap between the poorest and richest is growing very high. This is because world trade distortions and knowledge divide between developing and developed countries. The situation can be solved by changing the structures of world trade and by bridging the information divide.
10) The spread of a „culture of emergency“ – The development tempo is very high and accelerating. This increases volatility of economies and creates a „culture of emergency“ in workplaces - deepening social gaps and tensions. The challenge of achieving sustainable development is both human and environmental.
Development scenarios:
In the geographical perspective the changes mentioned above are carried out in three leading regions: USA, Asia and Europe.
On the global scale USA is leading and have alone account for one-third of the world’s economy and half of the R&D work. Asia is growing very fast in IT field where almost half of the world’s semiconductors are produced. Europe is currently in disadvantage position and the raise of producing specialists by Asia and Usa is completely new challenge to Europe.
There are currently three dynamic models in terms of technology and economy:
1. American neo-liberalist aka Silicon Valley Model
2. The Asian state run model aka Singapore model
3. European combination of the information society and the welfare state aka Finnish model
Outside these areas, most of the Africa is growing poorer. 1/5th of the world’s population subsist on less than a dollar a day and has no access to health care or education.
Each of the above models has characterised problems:
1. High gap between rich and poor and access to education produces lot of criminals.
2. Tax competition and race to the bottom have increased companies to move out Singapore. Controlled society is not creative and innovative.
3. The danger of „The dead hand of passivity“ People protect industrial era structures of the welfare state. The passivity leads to a economical fade.
The possible help scenario is to combine welfare state and the information society. Only through innovation and reforms it can be protected. Europe has to take the lead and show the way in information society.
The values of the reform of the European model.
1. Caring – can be also called fairness or inclusion of all. Caring means that everybody work to create equal opportunities for all – the key idea of the welfare state. In global scale its the protection of the equal opportunities for all.
2. Confidence – partly based on caring. Gives safety and makes fruitful communality possible.
Lack of caring and confidence creates and atmosphere of fear!
3. Communality – openness, belongingness, willingness to include other people and to do things together.
4. Encouragement – refers to an enriching community whose members feel that they can achieve more than they every could alone. Encouragement comes from generosity.
The lack of communality and encouragement creates and atmosphere of envy!
5. Freedom – rights of individuality, freedom of expression, privacy protection, tolerance etc.
6. Creativity – Is related to the human need for self-fulfilment and continuous personal growth.
Restrictions on freedom and creativity create and atmosphere of control.
7. Courage – is a value to realise the other values.
8. Visionariness – requires courage and forward looking. The willingness to make world a better place.
9. Balance – Sustainability of what we do.
10. Meaningfulness – We all want our lives to be meaningful. Can be crystallised with the question „Will this make my life more meaningful?“
The key concepts of social development
1. a Creative economy
Developed countries cannot compete with Asian markets, but must enhance productivity through innovations; creativity will make it possible to increase added value and improve the efficiency of production.
Europe is innovative in terms of products and production processes, but less creative in terms of business models and brand building. Therefore, financing is required in order to promote research and development related to business creativity.
Richard Florida predicts that at the turn of the millennium creative class accounted for 1/3 of the work force in advanced economies.
Taxation must promote job creation, entrepreneurship and creativity and this makes possible to finance the welfare society. Welfare society is based on the tax revenue generated by work, not by the tax rate. A taxation system that encourages work also acts as an incentive for skilled employees to stay in their countries and makes it possible to attract skilled labour from abroad – this will turn alleviate the problems caused to the welfare state by an ageing population.
The manager’s task is to promote creativity and encourage enthusiasm. The industrial era created a time-oriented management culture that was based on control, whereas the creative economy requires a result-oriented management culture that makes space for individual creativity.
Whatever we do, we are at our best when we are passionate about what we do! People who feel that their work has a meaning do not become tired of their work. An encouraging atmosphere enhances well-being at work and job satisfaction.
Being part of a community that shares our interests and appreciates what we do and who we are is equally powerful with the creative passion. History is full of examples where money has never been the primary motivator – all great achievements have been made thanks to belonging and being a recognised person.
2. A creative welfare society
The population ages and the maintenance of the welfare state require reforms. The philosophy of the welfare state is that people have equal opportunities to realise their potential and are protected against the random misfortunes of life. Ethically, the welfare state is based on the fragility of life and the ability to identify with other peoples fates. A fair society is fair regardless of the cards that fate has dealt you. In fair society provides everyone with equal opportunities in life – welfare state is based on caring.
A service buyer and purchaser are useful to separate by offering the services to each other. In some cases, services can be provided best by parties other than the public sector. A more open competition and cooperation between alternative service providers is in the interests of citizens.
Productivity must be enhanced through innovativeness by combining technological and process innovations. In practice the improvement of productivity through innovations requires that the public sector must adopt a similar management and work culture based on creativity.
People consider that changes in the information society are technical. According to research, productivity improves most when technological and organisational innovations are combined. Entire processes and organisational models must be assessed in order to identify ways of providing the services more efficiently in both economic and qualitative terms.
High quality education is very important for a success of information society. In information society learning continues throughout our lives. The challenge of lifelong learning in the information society requires that people must learn to learn. The success of education is highly dependant on the quality. Education quality must be the same throughout the country, so that the opportunities for children to learn are not dependent on region in which they live or the particular school that they attend.
Open information is very important factor. Free access to information should be promoted by all means. The accessibility of information and knowledge helps people to develop their information-processing skills, while it can also be used as the basis for new information and innovation. Innovation is based on higher-education system. So financing higher educational systems must be adequate.
3. Humanly meaningful development
The information society can also be called the risk society, because of the volatility of economy, unstable employment relationships and constant hurry of the people. The new ways of culturally balanced development is needed. For example the current attempts to keep employees at work to an older age are not realistic because few people currently are willing or able to work up to the present official retirement age. The best national health programme is the prevention of illnesses and other health problems – the promotion of health.
Researches have shown that good management and good work culture are important factors that prevent exhaustion. People who are satisfied with their jobs feel well at work, which is positively reflected in their overall lives. There is also need better balance between work and leisure, as the creative culture cannot be sustainable in the long term if work and other aspects of life are not balanced. Adequate free time allows people to regenerate their energy and creativity and have satisfactory in their life. Trends are going opposite direction: people work longer and longer days, and work is becoming stressful and people have less time for their family and friends.
A balanced development requires both a reform of the work culture and concrete ways for balancing work and leisure in a more satisfactory manner. Managers must set adequate goals to their employees so people feel success after completing them. Managers should also be more flexible with working-time arrangements, which would cover a number of alternatives to meet the needs of individual employees. Some examples are:
a) Project work
b) Working time bank – to store working hours in a time- bank.
The importance of these arrangements is that employees can take time of when they need it.
Mental health problems have become one of the most important reasons for easily retirement. Continuous stress expresses itself with different symptoms such as sleep disorder. Health care system must pay attention also to psychical health.
Some people tend to forget their physical activities. Globally 1/5 of people of working age are overweight. The situation is aggravated by peoples increasing habit of spending their free time in the static virtual world (games, tv etc.). Sporting should be more popularised and each individual should exercise at least once in a day.
Culture and well-being should be understood as intrinsic values, not just as economic tools. This means that we must promote also those forms of culture that are commercially unprofitable. In face, commerce should be seen as a tool that must only be used to the extent to which it benefits life.
4. A global culture
The population of many countries in Europe is ageing so rapidly that already in 2010, their populations start to shrink. Immigration is the only way of improving the dependency ratio. Companies will also need foreign employees when the domestic supply of labour decreases. Open-minded and tolerant approach to immigration is needed more and more.
The best way for immigration is to open doors for students. After the graduation foreign students should have right to work.
Global companies need skilled team leaders and researchers who have international experience. The need for experts exceeds the national supplies, so two alternatives remain:
Companies can either relocate their unites overseas or recruit skilled labour from other countries. With reasonable income taxation is possible to prevent the outflow of experts from abroad. Taxation must promote creative work.
Globalisation must be reciprocal. In regard to the new global division of labour has to be remembered that the partial transfer of routine work to poor countries makes it possible for them to rise from poverty. Free trade must also be developed between countries. Developed countries prevent free trade in agricultural and textile products, which account for 2/3s of the exports of the developing countries.
Rich countries must stick to their commitment and must use their development aid also to promote a freer transfer of information (including open source technology).
Monday, October 12, 2009
Ethics and Law in New Media - 2 week
Write a short opinion in your blog about the real applicability of nonmarket production and related strategies in your main field of activities (e.g. design, education etc)
Every day I am using blogs, wikis, google docs for doing my work, school stuff and fun. For creating websites I often use Wordpress sourcecode, tune it up with different plugins (e.g. galleries, feedback forms etc.) and use free templates for design.
more to come today...
Every day I am using blogs, wikis, google docs for doing my work, school stuff and fun. For creating websites I often use Wordpress sourcecode, tune it up with different plugins (e.g. galleries, feedback forms etc.) and use free templates for design.
more to come today...
Monday, October 5, 2009
Ethics and Law in New Media - 1 week
Study Theobald's question of 'mind-quake', find a real-life example and describe it:
All people will need to master the art of surviving and controlling mindquakes. A mindquake is a concept by Robert Theobald, meaning a certain point in the process of change where the old model and old understanding lose their meaning. Very good tecnological mind-quake example is e-voting. I think for many people in Estonia the mind-quake has happened. E-voting is safe and secure, and what is most important it can be done anywhere where is internet. Hope that rest of the modern world will start using ID cards for voting.
Pick one of Handy's paradoxes, find a good real-life illustrative case and describe it:
The paradox of productivity. At the organizational level, productivity improvement means more work from fewer people. At the social level, more people become inactive or enter the underground economy. The result is organizations become more productive and society less so.
Farm in southern Estonia takes a technological leap forward and starts to use robots for milking cows. 15 local people get unemployed and suddenly need to have replacement jobs. Region is poor and closest town is 20-30 kilometres away. People lose their income and are forced to move in town or just live for unemployment money. Technology makes society less productive.
See list of online collaboration network tools:
http://www.mindmeister.com/12213323/best-online-collaboration-tools-2009-robin-good-s-collaborative-map
All people will need to master the art of surviving and controlling mindquakes. A mindquake is a concept by Robert Theobald, meaning a certain point in the process of change where the old model and old understanding lose their meaning. Very good tecnological mind-quake example is e-voting. I think for many people in Estonia the mind-quake has happened. E-voting is safe and secure, and what is most important it can be done anywhere where is internet. Hope that rest of the modern world will start using ID cards for voting.
Pick one of Handy's paradoxes, find a good real-life illustrative case and describe it:
The paradox of productivity. At the organizational level, productivity improvement means more work from fewer people. At the social level, more people become inactive or enter the underground economy. The result is organizations become more productive and society less so.
Farm in southern Estonia takes a technological leap forward and starts to use robots for milking cows. 15 local people get unemployed and suddenly need to have replacement jobs. Region is poor and closest town is 20-30 kilometres away. People lose their income and are forced to move in town or just live for unemployment money. Technology makes society less productive.
See list of online collaboration network tools:
http://www.mindmeister.com/12213323/best-online-collaboration-tools-2009-robin-good-s-collaborative-map
The advantages of digital audio over analog audio
The first demonstration of analog recording for audio was done by Thomas Edison. Analog sound recording is a technique to store audio signals as a continual wave in or on media. Usually the wave is stored physically on a phonograph record or on a magnetic tape. This is ratgher different from digital recording which converts audio signals into binary or hexadecimal numbers.
The main difference between analog and digtal sound comes from the way of recording. As the actual sound waves consist continuous variations of air pressure these signals can be recorded using digital of analog techniques.
Analog recording versus digital recording compares the two ways in which sound is recorded and stored. Actual sound waves consist of continuous variations in air pressure. Representations of these signals can be recorded using either digital or analog techniques.
With an analog sound recording generally the air pressure variations are converted into an electrical analog signal and are recorded to a medium by a recording machine such as tape recorder. Usually analog signal is recorded on a magnetic tape or gramophone disc. The main thing what makes recording analog is physical quality of the medium and its direct relation to the properties of the original sound.
With digital recording the sound is converted into sequence of numbers and can be stored on digital devices such as hard drive. With recording the digital sound it usually starts with analog way by recording it with microphone and digitalized through analog-to-digital converter. The main difference between analog and digital signal is that analog is continuous in time and digital is not. Not continuous means that with digital sound it has parts that follow one after another with definite division points between them. Also analog signals are continious in amplitude and digital signals are quantized. Continious analog signals means that they have no artificially set limit on possible instantenous levels, but digitally-processed quanitzed signals have a precise, limited number of possible instantaneous values called as quantization levels and there is impossible to have value between two adjacent quantization levels, which is making digital signals most advantage than analog signal.
It’s has been a discussion whether to use analog or digital audio and which of them is better. The main reason is highly related to the sound quality. High quality sound production is possible with both analog and digital systems. Expensive and excellent analog systems may be better than digital systems and vice versa. The most limiting aspect of analog sound is the sensitive media to minor physical damage, however analog systems usually perform better and produce recognizable sound even if minor damaged. Digital systems usually fail completely and are unable to playback anything from the medium. The main advantage is that digital systems are very flexible and low-cost in duplication and signal is direct usable in portable storage and playback devices. By comparison analog require high-quality playback equipment to play the signal from media. Analog equipment imperfections can cause different distortions like tape hiss, wow and flutter or when the medium wears out there will be surface noise as with old vinyl records.
In the development stage of the Compact Disc, engineers understood that the spiral bits perfection is critical for playback. A small scratch could corrupt many bits and can couse loss of synchronization of the clock and data. This was fixed with error-correction coding what is basically a mathematically encoded backup copy of the CD data. Error correction in digital formats means to tolerate more media deterioration than analog formats. Occasionally there can be difficulties with rewriteable CDs. Usually it is because of poor-quality CD recorders or low-quality discs. Most of the CD discs are sensitive to UV light. Digital copies are usually exact replicas and can be duplicated indefinitely without degradation. Unlike digital systems, there are only few selectable recording speeds with analog systems. There is more practical advatages of digital systems over analog systems . Digital computer-based systems make sound editing much easier through quick acess, seeking and scanning. There is possibility to add non audio information into digital stream, such as artist name, track title etc.
Priidu Tammeorg
IMKE
The main difference between analog and digtal sound comes from the way of recording. As the actual sound waves consist continuous variations of air pressure these signals can be recorded using digital of analog techniques.
Analog recording versus digital recording compares the two ways in which sound is recorded and stored. Actual sound waves consist of continuous variations in air pressure. Representations of these signals can be recorded using either digital or analog techniques.
With an analog sound recording generally the air pressure variations are converted into an electrical analog signal and are recorded to a medium by a recording machine such as tape recorder. Usually analog signal is recorded on a magnetic tape or gramophone disc. The main thing what makes recording analog is physical quality of the medium and its direct relation to the properties of the original sound.
With digital recording the sound is converted into sequence of numbers and can be stored on digital devices such as hard drive. With recording the digital sound it usually starts with analog way by recording it with microphone and digitalized through analog-to-digital converter. The main difference between analog and digital signal is that analog is continuous in time and digital is not. Not continuous means that with digital sound it has parts that follow one after another with definite division points between them. Also analog signals are continious in amplitude and digital signals are quantized. Continious analog signals means that they have no artificially set limit on possible instantenous levels, but digitally-processed quanitzed signals have a precise, limited number of possible instantaneous values called as quantization levels and there is impossible to have value between two adjacent quantization levels, which is making digital signals most advantage than analog signal.
It’s has been a discussion whether to use analog or digital audio and which of them is better. The main reason is highly related to the sound quality. High quality sound production is possible with both analog and digital systems. Expensive and excellent analog systems may be better than digital systems and vice versa. The most limiting aspect of analog sound is the sensitive media to minor physical damage, however analog systems usually perform better and produce recognizable sound even if minor damaged. Digital systems usually fail completely and are unable to playback anything from the medium. The main advantage is that digital systems are very flexible and low-cost in duplication and signal is direct usable in portable storage and playback devices. By comparison analog require high-quality playback equipment to play the signal from media. Analog equipment imperfections can cause different distortions like tape hiss, wow and flutter or when the medium wears out there will be surface noise as with old vinyl records.
In the development stage of the Compact Disc, engineers understood that the spiral bits perfection is critical for playback. A small scratch could corrupt many bits and can couse loss of synchronization of the clock and data. This was fixed with error-correction coding what is basically a mathematically encoded backup copy of the CD data. Error correction in digital formats means to tolerate more media deterioration than analog formats. Occasionally there can be difficulties with rewriteable CDs. Usually it is because of poor-quality CD recorders or low-quality discs. Most of the CD discs are sensitive to UV light. Digital copies are usually exact replicas and can be duplicated indefinitely without degradation. Unlike digital systems, there are only few selectable recording speeds with analog systems. There is more practical advatages of digital systems over analog systems . Digital computer-based systems make sound editing much easier through quick acess, seeking and scanning. There is possibility to add non audio information into digital stream, such as artist name, track title etc.
Priidu Tammeorg
IMKE
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Homework
Advertising:
Priidu tammeorg intro by priidutammeorg
With voice i did remove cliping and normaalized the voice, then added nice loop behind with smooth fade in and fadeout.
Originals files of the recording:
Here!
Original:
Priidu tammeorg by priidutammeorg
With the voice i removed cliping and noise between the pauses, also normalized and compressed, then added sound in the background, lowered it volume made it to repeat as a loop and finalized with fade in and fade out.
Priidu tammeorg intro by priidutammeorg
With voice i did remove cliping and normaalized the voice, then added nice loop behind with smooth fade in and fadeout.
Originals files of the recording:
Here!
Original:
Priidu tammeorg by priidutammeorg
With the voice i removed cliping and noise between the pauses, also normalized and compressed, then added sound in the background, lowered it volume made it to repeat as a loop and finalized with fade in and fade out.
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